Date of birth: c. 150
Date of death: c. 250
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Acharya Nāgārjuna (Devanagari:नागार्जुन, Tibetan: ཀླུ་སྒྲུབ་ klu sgrub, Chinese: 龍樹) (ca. 150–250 CE) was an Indian philosopher who founded the Madhyamaka school of Mahāyāna Buddhism.

His writings are the basis for the formation of the Madhyamaka school, which was transmitted to China under the name of the Three Treatise (Sanlun) School. He is credited with developing the philosophy of the Prajnaparamita sutras, and was closely associated with the Buddhist university of Nalanda. In the Jodo Shinshu branch of Buddhism, he is considered the First Patriarch.

Little is known about the actual life of the historical Nagarjuna. The two most extensive biographies of Nagarjuna, one in Chinese and the other in Tibetan, were written many centuries after his life and incorporate material seen by some as historically unreliable. Nagarjuna was born a Brahmin, which in his time connoted religious allegiance to the Vedas, probably into an upper-caste Brahmin family and probably in the southern Andhra region of India.

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M. I. H. Farooqi

Retired Deputy Director and Scientist In Charge, Plant Chemistry Division, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India. Author of about two dozen Books and 150 Research Papers (National and International Journals) on Plant Chemistry and Economic Botany. Acclaimed Books are: Plants of the ...